Quantum Mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack

Details Quantum Mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack Quantum Mechanics helps in searching for a needle in a haystack

1997-06-13

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9706033v2

Phys.Rev.Lett.79:325-328,1997

Physics

Quantum Physics

Postscript, 4 pages. This is a modified version of the STOC paper (quant-ph/9605043) and is modified to make it more comprehen

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.325

Quantum mechanics can speed up a range of search applications over unsorted data. For example imagine a phone directory containing N names arranged in completely random order. To find someone's phone number with a probability of 50%, any classical algorithm (whether deterministic or probabilistic) will need to access the database a minimum of O(N) times. Quantum mechanical systems can be in a superposition of states and simultaneously examine multiple names. By properly adjusting the phases of various operations, successful computations reinforce each other while others interfere randomly. As a result, the desired phone number can be obtained in only O(sqrt(N)) accesses to the database.

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