Physics – Optics
Scientific paper
Feb 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004spie.5168...53p&link_type=abstract
Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Edited by Citterio, Oberto; O'Dell, Stephen L. Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 5
Physics
Optics
4
Scientific paper
The XEUS X-ray mission is currently being studied by ESA. It will be based on a huge (10 m of aperture diameter) grazing-incidence mirror unit with 50 m focal length, realized by a two separate satellites system, one dedicated to host the mirror module and the other for the detector. The current baseline foresees a single reflecting layer of Gold for the full set of 562 mirror shells of the XEUS telescope (296 shells of the first stage of the project, named XEUS I, with a maximum diameter of ~ 4 m, plus 266 shells of the second phase, named XEUS II, that will be activated after about 5 years). However, the use of multilayer mirrors instead of Au for XEUS-I (i.e. where the incidence angles of the mirror shells series are smaller) is an interesting alternative, already recently proposed by other authors, to extend the XEUS operative range in the hard X-ray region (up to 80 keV). In this work we applied a global optimization approach based on an "Iteraded Simplex Procedure" to optimize the sequence of bi-layers of depth-graded multilayer films, in order to get the best achievable response by the XEUS-I mirrors in the hard X-ray region. In addition, we theoretically evaluated the performances of the XEUS-II mirrors after the introduction of constant d-spacing multilayers with a thin (100 Å) overcoating of Carbon instead of Au. In this case the main advantage is given by an enhancement of the telescope effective area in the soft X-ray region (0.1 10 keV). The role of the Carbon top layer is to reduce the photoelectric absorption effect in the total-reflection regime, with an important improvement of the reflection efficiency with respect the usual mirrors based on high density materials like, e.g., Au, W, Ir and Pt.
Cotroneo Vincenzo
Pareschi Giovanni
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