ST5 measurements of the variability of Region 1 and 2 field-aligned currents

Physics

Scientific paper

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[2721] Magnetospheric Physics / Field-Aligned Currents And Current Systems

Scientific paper

This statistical study uses NASA's three-spacecraft ST5 mission to investigate the temporal variability of the Region 1 and 2 field-aligned currents. The unique string-of-pearls, low Earth, sun-synchronous orbit of the satellites enables the dayside and nightside currents to be studied on timescales of seconds to minutes. The cross correlation coefficient between the magnetic field measured at two satellites falls linearly with satellite separation, until the satellites are separated by ~300 seconds. Beyond this the large-scale currents stabilise up to timescales beyond 700s. The intensity of the combined region 1 and 2 currents is found to depend both on the solar wind electric field, and the simultaneous AL index (i.e. the rate of reconnection both on the dayside and the nightside). A unique approach to determine the velocity of the open/closed field boundary has been developed and this is used to demonstrate the dependence of the polar cap size on ongoing reconnection rates.

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