Inter-Hemispheric Comparison of GPS Phase Scintillation at High Latitudes during the Magnetic-Cloud-Induced Geomagnetic Storm of April 5-7, 2010

Physics

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[2407] Ionosphere / Auroral Ionosphere, [2441] Ionosphere / Ionospheric Storms, [2475] Ionosphere / Polar Cap Ionosphere, [6979] Radio Science / Space And Satellite Communication

Scientific paper

GPS phase scintillation and rapid variations in ionospheric total electron content (TEC) that can result in cycle slips, were observed at high latitudes with dual-frequency GPS receivers in the Arctic and Antarctic during the first significant geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24. The impact of a bipolar magnetic cloud of north-south (NS) type that was immersed in the high speed solar wind from a coronal hole caused a geomagnetic storm with maximum 3-hourly Kp of 8- and hourly ring current Dst ≈ -70 nT. Inter-hemispheric comparison of scintillation reveals similarities but also asymmetries of the ionospheric response in the northern and southern auroral zones, cusps and polar caps. The arrival of the upstream shock, associated with a pressure pulse and southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), caused an auroral substorm onset. Comparable phase scintillation occurrence was observed in both hemispheres in the nightside auroral oval that expanded equatorward during the growth phase of the storm. In the morning and cusp/cleft sectors the phase scintillation, although observed in both hemispheres at about the same times, was significantly stronger in the northern hemisphere. In the polar cap, when the IMF was strongly northward, the ionization due to energetic particle precipitation resulted in scintillation that was more intense in the southern hemisphere. The most striking asymmetry was found in the polar cap ionosphere when the IMF rotated southward. While no significant scintillation was detected in the northern polar cap, rapidly varying TEC and strong phase scintillation persisted for many hours in the southern polar cap. Crossed beams of two SuperDARN radars observed a long series of patches traversing the southern polar cap. The GPS scintillation and TEC data analysis is supported by data from ground-based networks of magnetometers, riometers, ionosondes, HF radars and all-sky imagers, as well as particle flux measurements by DMSP satellites.

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