Physics
Scientific paper
Aug 1999
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999georl..26.2363j&link_type=abstract
Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 26, Issue 15, p. 2363-2366
Physics
27
Ionosphere: Ionosphere/Atmosphere Interactions, Ionosphere: Ionospheric Irregularities, Meteorology And Atmospheric Dynamics: Lightning
Scientific paper
Simultaneous observations of early/fast Very Low Frequency (VLF) events at nine closely spaced (~65 km) sites are used together with a numerical model of the propagation and scattering of VLF signals in the earth-ionosphere waveguide to directly measure the scattering pattern of associated ionospheric disturbances. In cases when the causative lightning is within 700 km of the north-south array of observing sites, early/fast VLF events are typically observed at no more than 2 or 3 sites, which indicates a narrow beam of the scattered signal in the forward direction. In the different cases studied, forward scattering patterns exhibit 15 dB beamwidths of less than 30° consistent with horizontal extent of 90+/-30km.
Bell Timothy F.
Inan Umran S.
Johnson Matthew P.
Lev-Tov Sean J.
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