Physics
Scientific paper
Mar 1999
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999esasp.427..437v&link_type=abstract
The Universe as Seen by ISO. Eds. P. Cox & M. F. Kessler. ESA-SP 427., p. 437
Physics
11
Molecules, Ices, Silicates, Embedded Ysos, Shocks, Pdrs, Circumstellar Disks
Scientific paper
Observations of gas-phase and solid-state species toward young stellar objects (YSOs) with the spectrometers on board the Infrared Space Observatory are reviewed. The excitation and abundances of the atoms and molecules are sensitive to the changing physical conditions during star-formation. In the cold outer envelopes around YSOs, interstellar ices contain a significant fraction of the heavy element abundances, in particular oxygen. Different ice phases can be distinguished, and evidence is found for heating and segregation of the ices in more evolved objects. The inner warm envelopes around YSOs are probed through absorption and emission of gas-phase molecules, including CO, CO2, CH4 and H2O. An overview of the wealth of observations on gas-phase H2O in star-forming regions is presented. Gas/solid ratios are determined, which provide information on the importance of gas-grain chemistry and high temperature gas-phase reactions. The line ratios of molecules such as H2, CO and H2O are powerful probes to constrain the physical parameters of the gas. Together with atomic and ionic lines such as [O I] 63 μm, [S I] 25 μm and [Si II] 35 μm, they can also be used to distinguish between photon- and shock-heated gas. Finally, spectroscopic data on circumstellar disks around young stars are mentioned. The results are discussed in the context of the physical and chemical evolution of YSOs.
Black John Harry
Blake Geoffrey A.
Boogert Abraham C. A.
Boonman M. S. A.
Creech-Eakman Michelle
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