Theoretical analysis of the effect of the size fluctuation on the size spectrum of extensive air showers

Physics – Nuclear Physics

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Cosmic Ray Showers, Energy Spectra, Numerical Analysis, Particle Size Distribution, Power Spectra, Size Determination, Convergence, Energy Conversion, Monte Carlo Method, Nuclei (Nuclear Physics), Proton Beams

Scientific paper

The size spectrum caused by a power primary energy spectrum is studied by an analytical method utilizing the Mellin transformation. When the average size is a power function of primary energy E and the shape of the size fluctuation is independent of E, the spectrum becomes a power spectrum irrespective of the functional form of the fluctuation, and is practically determined by moments of the fluctuation up to second order. Results are applied to problems related to the size-energy conversion, the change in the slope of the size spectrum, and heavy primaries. A modification of the method so as to take into account the change in the coefficient of variation of the fluctuation with E is also presented together with a numerical example.

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