The gross energy balance of solar active regions

Physics

Scientific paper

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Heat Balance, Radiative Heat Transfer, Solar Activity Effects, Solar Atmosphere, Sunspots, Convective Heat Transfer, Energy Dissipation, Photosphere, Solar Wind, Stellar Mass Ejection

Scientific paper

Parker's (1974) model in which sunspots denote regions of increased heat transport from the convection zone is briefly described. The amount of excess mechanically transported power supposed to be delivered to the atmosphere is estimated for a typical active region, and the total radiative power output of the active-region atmosphere is computed. It is found that only a very small fraction (about 0.001) of the sunspot 'missing flux' can be accounted for by radiative emission from the atmosphere above a spot group in the manner suggested by Parker. The power-loss mechanism associated with mass loss to the solar wind is briefly considered and shown not to be sufficient to account for the sunspot missing flux.

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