Local discrete symmetry and quantum-mechanical hair

Physics – Nuclear Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

A charge operator is constructed for a quantum field theory with an abelian discrete gauge symmetry, and a non-local order parameter is formulated that specifies how the gauge symmetry is realized. If the discrete gauge symmetry is manifest, then the charge inside a large region can be detected at the boundary of the region, even in a theory with no massless gauge fields. This long-range effect has no classical analog; it implies that a black hole can in principle carry ``quantum-mechanical hair''. If the gauge group is nonabelian, then a charged particle can transfer charge to a loop of cosmic string via the nonabelian Aharonov-Bohmeffect. The string loop can carry charge even though there is no localized source of charge anywhere on the string or in its vicinity. The ``total charge'' in a closed universe must vanish, but, if the gauge group is nonabelian and the universe is not simply connected, then the ``total charge'' is not necessarily the same as the sum of all point charges contained in the universe.
Research supported in part by US Depatment of Energy

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