Further experimental evidence for the importance, with respect to thunderstorm electrification, of NO3' ions contained in precipitation, Part II

Details Further experimental evidence for the importance, with respect to thunderstorm electrification, of NO3' ions contained in precipitation, Part II Further experimental evidence for the importance, with respect to thunderstorm electrification, of NO3' ions contained in precipitation, Part II

Mar 1968

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1968jatp...30..345r&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 345-362

Physics

2

Scientific paper

(a) Laboratory measurements: Water drops were let fall onto a rapidly rotating ice ball, the droplets thrown off by centrifugal forces were collected on a surrounding electrode, and the electric charge accumulated on the electrode was measured. An investigation as to whether the amount of charge was influenced by the NO3' ion concentration of the water used led to the following result: with the NO3' ion concentration increasing from less than 0·002 to 0·2 [gamma] NO3' ions/cm3, the amount of charge increases to a maximum (amount of charge approximately 3·5 times as high as in the case of pure water); further increase in concentration, however, leads to a decrease in amount of charge. The charge separation processes occurring in the lower floors of a thunderstorm or shower cloud as ice particles collide with rain drops have thus been shown to be influenced by the NO3' content of precipitation. (b) Field measurements: From a statistical evaluation of NO3' ion concentration values measured in precipitation samples, which were collected simultaneously at altitudes of 700, 1800 and 3000 m a.s.l. during a 3-yr period, it could be clearly shown that the concentration increased with increasing intensity of turbulence and electrical activity of the clouds. Moreover, a direct correlation could be shown to exist between the NO3' ion concentration of precipitation and the time-integral of electric field strength, measured at 3000 m a.s.l. No such relation was found to exist for the NH4' ion concentration of precipitation. The NO3' ion concentration of precipitation was observed to be unaffected by the number of lightning discharges. It is evidently the combined effect of all corona discharges--e.g., occurring on or between precipitation particles or droplets--which determines the increase in NO3' ion concentration of precipitation and thus the increasing rapidity of thunderstorm electrification by means of the postulated feed-back process.

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