Report on investigations of atmospheric effects due to HEAO-C launch

Physics – Geophysics

Scientific paper

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Atmospheric Effects, Heao 3, Ionospheric Disturbances, Rocket Exhaust, Spacecraft Launching, Airglow, Geophysics, Ionospheric Electron Density, Ionospheric Propagation

Scientific paper

The launch of NASA's third High Energy Astrophysical Observatory (HEAO-C) on 20 September 1979 resulted in a large-scale modification of the earth's ionosphere. The exhaust cloud (H2 and H2O) of the Atlas/Centaur launch vehicle initiated a series of chemical reactions that caused a rapid depletion of the ionosphere above 200 km. The resultant 'hole' in the plasma content of the ionosphere exceeded an 80% depletion level near the rocket trajectory; observable depletions were measured over a several million square-kilometer region surrounding the trajectory. An extraordinary amount of atmospheric airglow was observed and radio propagation effects were studied. The HEAO-hole 'experiment of opportunity' provided results needed for assessment studies of planned Space Shuttle and proposed SPS flight operations in the near-earth environment.

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