Ray-tracing the paths of very low latitude whistler-mode signals

Details Ray-tracing the paths of very low latitude whistler-mode signals Ray-tracing the paths of very low latitude whistler-mode signals

Apr 1987

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1987jatp...49..321t&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169), vol. 49, April 1987, p. 321-338.

Physics

21

Equatorial Atmosphere, Ionospheric Electron Density, Night Sky, Ray Tracing, Very Low Frequencies, Whistlers, Atmospheric Attenuation, Atmospheric Models, D Region, F Region, Group Velocity

Scientific paper

VLF whistler-mode signals with very low group delays (75-160 ms) received at night in Dunedin, N.Z., from the 23.4 kHz MSK transmissions of NPM, Hawaii (21.5 deg N, 158 deg W), are explained by ray-tracing along unducted paths. The typical vertical and horizontal electron density gradients of the night equatorial ionosphere are found to be sufficient to explain not only the typical group delays but also their decrease during the night and the typical frequency shifts observed on these signals. An important feature appears to be the decreasing starting and finishing latitudes (and the decreasing maximum height of the path) during the course of the night. The amplitude of the signals in relation to the expected collisional absorption in the ionosphere is discussed. A simple but quite accurate analytical expression suitable for ray-tracing is derived for the night electron density in the height range 170-1400 km, based on nonisothermal diffusive equilibrium and O(+)/O friction.

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