The Dark Matter Content of Early-Type Galaxies

Physics

Scientific paper

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Dark Matter, Galaxies, Stellar Mass, Gravitation, Star Formation, Dark Matter, Origin, Formation, Evolution, Age, And Star Formation, Masses, Relativity And Gravitation, Star Formation

Scientific paper

Understanding the role of dark matter in early-type galaxies is an essential piece of the galaxy formation puzzle. A combination of lensing data and photometry allows us to track independently the total and the stellar mass content (Ms). A strong correlation is found between the stellar-to-total mass fraction (measured within a few effective radii) and the total mass of the galaxy, such that the most massive galaxies (Ms>~2×1011 Msolar) are already dark matter dominated at R~4 Re, with stellar-to-total mass fractions ~0.2, in contrast with lower mass galaxies, in which those fractions are significantly higher. This trend can explain the tilt of the Fundamental Plane. Alternative models of dark matter are needed in order to test our ``standard paradigm'' of galaxy formation. Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) or its covariant extension (TeVeS) do not avoid the need for dark matter when strong gravitational lensing is considered on galaxy scales. We also explore a polytropic dark matter equation of state as an alternative to the standard collisionless model and use the velocity dispersion curves of a sample of local early-type galaxies to constrain its nature.

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