On Gauss' priority in the discovery of the method of least squares.

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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History Of Astronomy: Numerical Methods, History Of Astronomy: Geodesy

Scientific paper

No priority dispute in the history of statistics has aroused greater controversy than that which occurred between A. M. Legendre (1752 - 1833) and C. F. Gauss (1777 - 1855) in the early nineteenth century concerning the discovery of the method of least squares (MLS). In the present paper, the author recounts the most important stages of this controversy and analyses Gauss' application of MLS to some astronomical and geodetic problems. These include Gauss' reduction of Ulugh Beg's table of the equation of time and the least squares graduation of the differences in the equation of time. Also discussed is Gauss' geodetic least square adjustment of the Dunkerque - Montjouy meridional arc in deriving the ellipticity and the size of the oblate Earth spheroid.

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