Physics
Scientific paper
Apr 2003
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003nwap.conf..178s&link_type=abstract
NEW WORLDS IN ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop. Held 5-7 September 2002 in Faro, Portugal
Physics
Scientific paper
The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was flown in June 1998 on the space shuttle Discovery during flight STS-91 in a 51.77° orbit at altitudes between 320 and 390 km. The major detector elements were a permanent magnet with an analyzing power B * L2 of 0.14 Tm2, a six layer, double sided silicon tracker, time of flight hodoscopes, an aerogel threshold Cerenkov counter and anti-coincidence counters. A total of 2.86 × 106 helium nuclei were observed in the rigidity range 1 to 140 GeV. No antihelium nuclei were detected at any rigidity. The upper limit on the flux ratio of antihelium to helium was determined as 1.1 × 10-6. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a second helium spectrum is observed and more than 90% of the helium was identified as 3He. The primary proton spectrum in the kinetic energy range 0.2 to 200 GeV was measured at an altitude of 380 km and is parameterized by a power law above 10 GeV. Below the geomagnetic cutoff a substantial secondary spectrum was observed. It is concentrated at equatorial latitudes with a flux of around 70 per (m2 × s × sr). The lepton spectra in the kinetic energy ranges 0.2 to 40 GeV for electrons and 0.2 to 3 GeV for positrons were measured at altitudes near 380 km. Two distinct spectra were observed, a higher energy spectrum and a substantial secondary spectrum with positrons much more abundant than electrons. Tracing leptons from the second spectra shows that most of these travel for an extended period of time in the geomagnetic field and that the positrons and electrons originate from two complementary geographic regions. The 10 day test flight of the AMS detector has shown its viability for an extended period of several years of data taking at the International Space Station (ISS). Currently the detector is undergoing several upgrades, the most prominent one being the replacement of the permanent by a superconducting magnet, thus greatly extending the sensitive region of the experiment. The addition of transition radiation and enhanced Cerenkov (RICH) detection capabilities as well as an electromagnetic calorimeter allows to diversify the physics program. The new AMS02 detector will commence a three year physics data taking period with its next shuttle flight and installation on the ISS foreseen for October 2005.
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