Polar rain as a diagnostic of recent rapid dayside merging

Physics

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Ionosphere: Particle Precipitation, Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetopause, Cusp, And Boundary Layers, Magnetospheric Physics: Polar Cap Phenomena, Magnetospheric Physics: Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions

Scientific paper

The occurrence of bright (>0.0016ergscm-2s-1sr-1) polar rain is found to be determined by interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. An automated search of 11 years of DMSP particle precipitation data (1984-1994) was used to identify polar rain. Comparison was made with 30-min segments of appropriately lagged 15-s IMP 8 magnetic field data. Bright polar rain away from the dayside merging line occurred almost exclusively under conditions favorable for rapid merging (Bz<0 or |By|>2.5|Bz|). This implies that it occurs only on recently merged field lines and that during northward IMF open field lines have a distinctly different character, threading the magnetopause much further downtail than during southward IMF. The magnitude of this result was found to depend crucially on the distance from the Earth-Sun line of the IMF monitor, suggesting that unless the monitor is restricted to being within ~10RE of the Earth-Sun line, statistical correlations with IMF are likely to suffer contamination from roughly one in five events.

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