Winds and composition changes in the thermosphere using the transfer function model

Physics

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Scientific paper

Different theoretical formulations are used to describe the thermosphere, ranging from fully analytical, linear models based, in the case of gravity waves, on the work of C. O. Hines, to fully numerical, thermospheric general circulation models (TGCMs), which account for non-linear processes and coupling with the ionospheric plasma. The semi-analytical Transfer Function Model (TFM) describes perturbations in the wind field, temperature and composition, accounting in self-consistent form for the momentum transfer between species. The perturbations are driven by external energy and momentum sources associated with absorbed solar radiation and magnetospheric processes. Compared with TGCMs, the TFM is simplified mainly by its linear approximation. But the model is not limited in its spatial and temporal resolutions, and it describes acoustic gravity waves that are generated in the thermosphere and partially propagate through the lower atmosphere. Moreover, the model is semi-analytical, which helps in delineating and understanding the dynamical characteristics. Using expansions in terms of vector spherical harmonics and Fourier transformation, the transfer function of the atmosphere is obtained through numerical height integration, which is time consuming computationally but needs to be done only once. Once the transfer function is constructed, the thermospheric response is obtained virtually instantaneously, thus providing an efficient tool for numerical simulation and experimentation. After a review of the TFM, results are discussed, which describe a number of thermospheric phenomena covering a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. These include magnetic storm effects as well as gravity waves propagating in the thermosphere, which are partially reflected from the Earth's surface and ducted through the lower atmosphere.

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