Solar coronal abundances: Some recent X-ray flare observations

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Solar Electromagnetic Emission

Scientific paper

I review recent elemental abundance studies from X-ray flare spectra obtained with Bragg crystal spectrometer experiments on board the SMM, P78-1, and Yohkoh spacecraft. Using the line-to-continuum method, data from all three satellites indicate an enhancement of the abundance of low-FIP Ca relative to H. But the average magnitude of the enhancement is somewhat uncertain. Flare-to-flare variations in the enhancement are also seen. Fe flare abundances seem to be close to photospheric values, with differing methods giving somewhat differing values. These findings, in conjunction with results for S, leave open the possibility that H may behave as an intermediate-FIP element or that a more complex characterization may apply. Further studies of the Yohkoh data, and studies comparing different analysis methods are needed to clarify these issues.

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