Physical size of tsunamigenic earthquakes of the northwestern Pacific

Details Physical size of tsunamigenic earthquakes of the northwestern Pacific Physical size of tsunamigenic earthquakes of the northwestern Pacific

Dec 1981

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1981pepi...27..194a&link_type=abstract

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 27, Issue 3, p. 194-205.

Physics

23

Scientific paper

The new scale Mt of tsunami magnitude is a reliable measure of the seismic moment of a tsunamigenic earthquake as well as the overall strength of a tsunami source. This Mt scale was originally defined by Abe (1979) in terms of maximum tsunami amplitudes at large distances from the source. A method is developed whereby it is possible to determine Mt at small distances on the basis of the regional tsunami data obtained at 30 tide stations in Japan. The relation between log H, maximum amplitude (m) and log Δ, a distance of not less than 100 km away from the source (km) is found to be linear, with a slope close to 1.0. Using three tsunamigenic earthquakes with known moment magnitudes Mw, for calibration, the relation, Mt = log H + log Δ + D, is obtained, where D is 5.80 for single-amplitude (crest or trough) data and 5.55 for double-amplitude (crest-to-trough) data. Using a number of tsunami amplitude data, Mt is assigned to 80 tsunamigenic earthquakes that occurred in the northwestern Pacific, mostly in Japan, during the period from 1894 to 1981. The Mt values are found to be essentially equivalent to Mw for 25 events with known Mw. The 1952 Kamchatka earthquake has the largest Mt, 9.0. Of all the 80 events listed, at least seven unusual earthquakes which generated disproportionately-large tsunamis for their surface-wave magnitude Ms are identified from the relation. From the viewpoint of tsunami hazard reduction, the present results provide a quantitative basis for predicting maximum tsunami amplitudes at a particular site.

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