Physics
Scientific paper
Apr 1994
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994jatp...56..555t&link_type=abstract
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169), vol. 56, no. 5, p. 555-568
Physics
45
Annual Variations, Gravity Waves, Latitude, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Wave Propagation, Jet Streams (Meteorology), Optical Radar, Radar Measurement, Wind Velocity, Winter
Scientific paper
This paper reviews some recent observations of gravity wave characteristics in the middle atmosphere, revealed by co-ordinated observations with the MU radar in Shigaraki (35 deg N, 136 deg E) and nearby rocketsonde experiments at Uchinoura (31 deg N, 131 deg E). We further summarize the results of comparative studies on the latitudinal variations of the gravity wave activity, which were detected by additionally employing data obtained with MF radars at Adelaide (35 deg S, 139 deg E) and Saskatoon (52 deg N, 107 deg W) and lidar observations at Haute Provence (44 deg N, 6 deg E). The seasonal variation of gravity wave activity detected with the MU radar in the lower stratosphere showed a clear annual variation with a maximum in winter, and coincided with that for the jet-stream intensity, indicating a close relation between the excitation of gravity waves and jet-stream activity at middle latitudes. We found an increase with height in the vertical scales of dominant gravity waves, which can be explained in terms of a saturation of upward propagating gravity waves. The values of the horizontal wind velocity variance generally increased in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, but they became fairly constant above about 65 km due to the wave saturation, resulting in the active production of turbulent layers. The gravity wave energy in the mesosphere, with periods less than about 2 h, was consistently larger in summer than in winter at all the stations, i.e. at 35 deg N, 44 deg N, 52 deg N and 35 deg S. However, the values were generally larger at 35 deg N than at 52 deg N, which was found from a comparison of 1-yr observations at Shigaraki and Saskatoon. Furthermore, a comparison between Shigaraki and Adelaide, located at the conjugate points relative to the equator, revealed that the gravity-wave energy in the mesosphere was found to be fairly similar, when we compared the values in summer/winter in each hemisphere.
Manson Alan H.
Meek Chris E.
Murayama Yuko
Nakamura Takashi
Tsuda Teruhisa
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