Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008agufm.p51d..02s&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #P51D-02
Physics
5400 Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets, 5405 Atmospheres (0343, 1060), 5421 Interactions With Particles And Fields, 5440 Magnetic Fields And Magnetism
Scientific paper
Low energy charged particles around the Moon were observed by Moon orbiting satellites and plasma instrumentation placed on the lunar surface in 1960s and 1970s. Though there were some satellites that explored the Moon afterwards, most of them were dedicated to the global mapping of the lunar surface. There has been almost no new information about the low energy charged particles around the Moon except the low energy electron measurement by Lunar Prospector, the lunar wake plasma data obtained by WIND during its Moon fly-by, and reports on remote detection of the lunar ions, lunar electrons and ULF waves generated by electron beams around the lunar wake. MAP (MAgnetic field and Plasma experiment) was developed for the comprehensive measurement of the magnetic field and three-dimensional plasma around the Moon. MAP consists of MAP-LMAG (Lunar MAGnetometer) and MAP-PACE (Plasma energy Angle and Composition Experiment). MAP-PACE consists of 4 sensors: ESA (Electron Spectrum Analyzer)-S1, ESA-S2, IMA (Ion Mass Analyzer), and IEA (Ion Energy Analyzer). PACE ion sensors discovered new features of low energy ions around the Moon since MAP started continuous observation last December. The in-situ measurement of low energy ions around the Moon is realized almost three decades after the Apollo period. In addition, nobody has ever measured mass identified low energy ions around the Moon at 100km altitude. PACE-IMA has succeeded in the in-situ measurements of the lunar tenuous ionized atmosphere and has discovered the existence of alkali ions that are originated from the lunar surface or lunar atmosphere. PACE- IMA has also discovered low energy ions that might be related to a meteor shower. PACE ion sensors have found solar wind reflection on the lunar surface. Instead of being absorbed by the lunar surface, quite a large amount of solar wind ions are reflected back from the Moon. The reflected ions are accelerated above solar wind energy picked up by the solar wind motional electric field. Besides these observations, PACE ion sensors have observed the ion acceleration above a magnetic anomaly and stray ions from the solar wind detected deepest inside the wake at 100km above the midnight-equator. These are the newly discovered phenomena in which the proton reflection at the lunar surface is playing crucial roles. PACE electron sensors and LMAG are used as an electron reflectometer that detects magnetic anomalies on the lunar surface. Though the coverage of the magnetic anomaly detection is still limited, magnetic anomalies has been detected with high special resolution.
Asamura Kazushi
Matsushima Masaki
Nishino Masaki N.
Saito Yukio
Shibuya Hidetoshi
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