Hysteresis of primary cosmic rays associated with Forbush decreases

Physics

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Forbush Decreases, Hysteresis, Primary Cosmic Rays, Satellite-Borne Instruments, Sunspot Cycle, Geiger Counters, Ogo, Regression Analysis, Upper Atmosphere

Scientific paper

A variation of quasi-steady primary-cosmic-ray intensities during Forbush events is reported which was detected in data obtained by a neutron monitor, the OGO 1 and 3 ion chambers, and daily observations of upper-atmosphere intensities recorded with standardized Geiger-Mueller counters. A regression plot of the intensities of high- and low-rigidity primaries is found to exhibit hysteresis loops during Forbush decreases, indicating a differential modulation between the two intensities. It is shown that this effect is superposed on the 11-year variation of primary intensities, which is known to exhibit a hysteresis as a function of sunspot number. The existence of loops during Forbush events is explained in terms of a long-range order for the magnetic inhomogeneities in the modulation region.

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