Geomorphology of Martian valleys

Physics

Scientific paper

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Geomorphology, Mariner 9 Space Probe, Mars (Planet), Valleys, Viking Mars Program, Models, Photogeology, Photointerpretation, Stratigraphy, Structural Properties (Geology)

Scientific paper

Data on morphology and planet-metric characteristics of 240 Martian valley networks reveal seven network patterns (e.g., digitate, parallel, stem, centrifugal, centripetal (interior and exterior), and fragmented, and three major system assemblage categories (i.e., reoccurring juxtapositions of network patterns: integrated, longitudinal and slope valley systems). Integrated networks (e.g., combinations of parallel and digitate networks) are most like terrestrial dendritic networks, but well organized, space efficient, true dendritic patterns are markedly absent on Mars. A simple physical model was devised to correlate rate of decrease of slope down network with increasing tributary junction angles, in order to infer longitudinal profile from planimetric pattern. Dendritic terrestrial networks are consistent with this model with exponentially decreasing slopes. It is concluded that Martian valley systems are ancient landforms which show little evidence of having been formed by rainfall erosion. Truth table analysis of various alternative formation processes finds flow from lithospheric source accompanied by sapping as the most likely mechanism.

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