Cosmic gamma-ray bursts.

Physics

Scientific paper

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Gamma-Ray Bursts: Cosmic, Gamma-Ray Bursts: Models, Gamma-Ray Bursts: Observations

Scientific paper

The results of the observation of cosmic gamma-ray bursts are discussed and available theoretical models are presented. Emphasis is placed on a cosmological model in which a gamma burst results from a powerful (≡1051 - 1053erg) and very short (≡10 - 100 s) energy release which occurs in a compact (≡106 - 107cm) region and gives rise to a photon-lepton fireball expanding at an ultrarelativistic velocity (Lorentz-factor Γ ⪆ 100). The interaction of the relativistic shock wave with its environment produces the observed X-ray and optical afterglows of a burst. Possible physical models of such an energy release event are discussed and some related problems considered.

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