Characteristics of upstream particle fluxes near and far from the Earth's bow shock

Physics

Scientific paper

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Particle Fluxes, Earth Bow Shock

Scientific paper

A study of upstream ion increases observed aboard SOHO and INTERBALL-1 in 1996 is presented. The measurements cover the energy range >20 keV to a few MeV for protons. LION on SOHO measures ions at distances of 200-250 RE from the Earth while DOK-2 on INTERBALL-1 provides energy spectra and particle fluxes within ~30 RE of the Earth's bow shock. Upstream ion increases at SOHO are classified according to duration and energy spectra. Consisting of short duration (<10 min) spikes at SOHO they are statistically correlated with solar wind velocity, Kp and with their magnetic connectivity to the model bow shock, indicating a bow-shock origin. The distribution of proton fluxes observed at L1 with those at Earth suggests that the latter are larger by a factor of about 20-30. Gradual events (>10 min) with harder energy spectra are better correlated with Kp and with solar wind speed than are short spikes with soft spectra, which are identified to be of interplanetary origin.

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