Shock Waves and Cosmic Rays in the Large Scale Structure of the Universe

Physics

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Scientific paper

In an N-b o dy/hydro dynamic simulation for large scale structure formation in a universe with cold dark matter and cosmological constant we identified cosmological shock waves and studied their role in the acceleration of cosmic ray particles. shock waves form around nonlinear structures of mass distribution when gas accretes onto them. Within the nonlinear structures, shock waves are also produced by subsequent gravitational infalls as well as supersonic flow motions. The mean separation between shock surfaces is ˜ 4h-1 Mp c at present. shock waves with Mach number of a few are mainly responsible for cosmic ray acceleration. From a nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration model for cosmic ray protons, the ratio of cosmic ray energy to gas thermal energy dissipated at cosmological shock waves was estimated to be ˜ 1/2 through the history of the universe. Our result supports scenarios in which the intracluster medium contains significant populations of cosmic rays.

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