Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1986
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1986sciam.255...58k&link_type=abstract
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), vol. 255, Dec. 1986, p. 58-68.
Physics
3
Cosmology, Dark Matter, Galactic Rotation, Planetary Evolution, Stellar Motions, Digital Simulation, Galactic Clusters, Hubble Constant, Spiral Galaxies
Scientific paper
Current estimates are that only a fraction of the mass of galaxies can be detected by existing instrumentation. Present mass-luminosity ratios for the observable universe yield only an estimated 20 percent of the mass needed to close the universe. Analytical techniques are reviewed which have been developed to treat data on galaxies which are in a state of equilibrium that cannot be attained without more mass than is observed. Models of an early universe in which fluctuations led to the formation of galaxies are discussed to demonstrate that a new form of matter is needed to account for observed galactic forms which straightforward gravitational considerations cannot. Problems with neutrinos as the missing matter are noted, and the potential usefulness of axions, photinos and cosmic strings as new candidates for the missing matter is explored.
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