The Physical Properties and Excess Reddening of Red Supergiants in M31: When Smoke Gets In Your Eyes

Physics

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Red supergiants (RSGs) are He-burning massive stars (10-25 M_&sun;) whose physical properties have been poorly characterized until recently. Using the new MARCS stellar atmosphere models, we have successfully determined effective temperatures, radii, and bolometric luminosities for large samples of Galactic and Magellanic Cloud RSGs. For the first time this has brought stellar evolutionary theory and ``observation" into agreement for this late stage of evolution of massive stars. We now wish to extend these studies to the metal-rich environment of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), where the expected higher mass-loss rates will present the most exacting test of massive star evolutionary theory to date. In addition, we will use our spectrophotometry to investigate circumstellar dust around these stars, and determine the distribution of particle grain sizes, for comparison to similar work in progress for our Milky Way and Magellanic Cloud sample. Finally, we will also obtain JHK photometry of our stars in order to better understand some inconsistencies seen in the TiO band strengths and V-K colors predicted by the MARCS models.

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