A nonlinear kinetic theory of self-sustaining whistler-mode wave emissions in the inner magnetosphere

Physics

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7807 Charged Particle Motion And Acceleration, 7829 Kinetic Waves And Instabilities, 7839 Nonlinear Phenomena (4400, 6944), 7845 Particle Acceleration, 7867 Wave/Particle Interactions (2483, 6984)

Scientific paper

We have developed a nonlinear kinetic theory of VLF chorus emissions, taking into account the spatial inhomegeneity of the static magnetic field and the cold plasma density along the magnetic field line in the inner magnetosphere. Based on the detailed analysis of self-consistent simulations reproducing chorus emissions, we have derived theoretical expressions for the nonlinear wave growth and the amplitude threshold for self-sustaining growth of a coherent whistler-mode wave. We assume that the nonlinear wave growth takes place at a specific localized region, where the linear growth rate maximizes. The self-sustaining emissions become possible, when the waves are propagating away from the equator with the increasing inhomegeneity of the static magnetic field and the electron density. The amplitude threshold is tested against observations and self-consistent particle simulations of chorus emissions. The growth rate and the threshold depend critically on the velocity distribution function of energetic electrons. We have obtained a set of differential equations for the wave amplitude and frequency. Solving the equations numerically for various parameters, we can reproduce the frequency variation of various forms of VLF whistler-mode emissions such as rising tones, falling tones, and hooks. The self-sustaining wave growth is due to formation of an electromagnetic electron hole that provides a viable mechanism for very efficient acceleration of relativistic electrons in the radiation belts.

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