The Storm-Time Access of Ionospheric Ions to the Near-Earth Magnetotail

Physics

Scientific paper

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2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions (2431), 2744 Magnetotail, 2760 Plasma Convection (2463), 2764 Plasma Sheet, 2778 Ring Current

Scientific paper

We have examined the contribution of the ionosphere to the plasma population of the magnetotail during three moderate to strong coronal mass ejection-driven geomagnetic storms. For each event, we carried out a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the storm by using solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data from spacecraft upstream of Earth. Next, we launched large numbers of ions from sources in the solar wind and ionosphere and followed their trajectories in the three-dimensional, global, time-dependent fields obtained from the MHD simulation for that event. Solar wind ion flux was normalized to the measured solar wind velocity and density, and the ionospheric ion outflow was determined by using empirical models. We thus obtained ion distribution functions and moments of the distribution (density, pressure, etc.) for ions of solar wind and ionospheric origin, allowing us to assess the importance of ionospheric ions, specifically O+, in the magnetotail as a function of storm phase. The effect of the sudden storm commencement, pre-storm and storm-time substorms on ion heating and injection into the inner magnetosphere were also evaluated. This talk will present and compare results from the September 24, 1998, October 28, 2001, and April 17, 2002 geomagnetic storms.

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