Influence of the Li/Nb ratio on crystal growth and photorefractive properties of Ce:Mn:LiNbO3 crystal

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Ce:Mn:LiNbO3 crystals with different Li/Nb mole ratios in the melts (Li/Nb = 0.94, 1.05, 1.20, 1.38) have been grown for the first time. The growing conditions varied greatly on the Li/Nb ratio. With the increase of Li/Nb ratio in crystals, the Curie temperature raises while the melting point drops. The infrared spectra of crystals were measured. The exponential gain coefficient, response time and diffraction efficiency were measured by two wave coupling experiments with He-Ne laser (632.8nm). The near-stoichiometric Ce:Mn:LiNbO3 crystal grown from the melt with Li/Nb ratio 1.38 exhibits the largest exponential gain coefficient (33cm-1) and shortest response time (19s), which is attributed to its larger photoconduction. Combined with spectrum analysis we deduced that the increase of photoconduction may be due to the decrease of anti-site (NbLi)4+in crystals.

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