Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems

Details Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems

Jan 1981

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1981phrvd..23..287b&link_type=abstract

Physical Review D (Particles and Fields), Volume 23, Issue 2, 15 January 1981, pp.287-298

Physics

400

Scientific paper

We present evidence for the existence of a universal upper bound of magnitude 2πRℏc to the entropy-to-energy ratio SE of an arbitrary system of effective radius R. For systems with negligible self-gravity, the bound follows from application of the second law of thermodynamics to a gedanken experiment involving a black hole. Direct statistical arguments are also discussed. A microcanonical approach of Gibbons illustrates for simple systems (gravitating and not) the reason behind the bound, and the connection of R with the longest dimension of the system. A more general approach establishes the bound for a relativistic field system contained in a cavity of arbitrary shape, or in a closed universe. Black holes also comply with the bound; in fact they actually attain it. Thus, as long suspected, black holes have the maximum entropy for given mass and size which is allowed by quantum theory and general relativity.

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