Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1976
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1976phrvd..14.3304f&link_type=abstract
Physical Review D (Particles and Fields), Volume 14, Issue 12, 15 December 1976, pp.3304-3313
Physics
68
Scientific paper
The problem of defining the vacuum energy and pressure of quantized fields in the static Einstein universe is considered. A regularization procedure which utilizes a wavelength cutoff in the mode sum is discussed and applied to the cases of the massive conformally coupled scalar field, the electromagnetic field, and the neutrino field. In all cases a positive vacuum energy density and pressure are obtained. In the case of the massive scalar field it is possible for the vacuum pressure to exceed the vacuum energy density, thus violating the dominant energy condition. For the electromagnetic and neutrino fields the energy density and pressure are of the form ρ=γ h¯ca4 and P=ρ3, respectively, where γ=11240π2 for the electromagnetic field and γ=171920π2 for the neutrino field, and where a is the radius of the universe.
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