Is the universe open or closed

Details Is the universe open or closed Is the universe open or closed

May 1975

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1975rech....6..462a&link_type=abstract

La Recherche, vol. 6, May 1975, p. 462, 463, 465. In French.

Physics

Abundance, Big Bang Cosmology, Density Distribution, Deuterium, Universe, Galactic Radiation, Gravitational Effects, Hubble Diagram, Nuclear Fusion, Red Shift, Relativity, Space-Time Functions, Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Scientific paper

Means of determining whether the universe is open or closed are reviewed, and it is concluded that the universe is probably open, i.e., constantly expanding rather than cyclically contracting and expanding. The argument hinges on an estimation of the present density of the universe based on the abundance of deuterium, which is assumed to have been formed at the time of the origin of the universe. This estimation falls below a critical density level, which in turn corresponds to a critical universal expansion deceleration value. Thus the deceleration of the expanding matter in the universe is small enough so that gravitational forces will never cause the matter to return towards the center of the universe.

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