Physics
Scientific paper
Feb 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002soph..205..383k&link_type=abstract
Solar Physics, v. 205, Issue 2, p. 383-401 (2002).
Physics
9
Scientific paper
The Wolf or Zürich sunspot number Rz, (values available from 1700 onwards) is considered the primary descriptor of solar activity for the past 100 years or more. Recently, another, more accurate time series, called the Group sunspot number, R_G, has become available. Comparison of the indices suggests that Rz may be grossly overestimated in the early sunspot records. In this paper, some results based previously on Rz are reexamined using R_G. Conclusions based on data from about 1850 to the present remain the same. For the 18th century, however, small differences are seen. For estimates of solar irradiance in the Maunder Minimum (1645-1715), because both Rz and R_G were near zero then and are almost comparable today, irradiance estimates remain about the same, whether Rz or R_G is used to calculate them. However, the evolutions of Rz and R_G from their near zero value in the Maunder Minimum to their present similar value, are different, with Rz increasing more rapidly than R_G from 1700 to 1790. While the temperature of the Earth has increased almost monotonically for the past few centuries, the relationship of both Rz and R_G with the temperature trend is not especially great.
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