P, T-dependence of the thermoelectric power of minerals; relations to chemical differentiation, hydration, oxidation and reduction

Details P, T-dependence of the thermoelectric power of minerals; relations to chemical differentiation, hydration, oxidation and reduction P, T-dependence of the thermoelectric power of minerals; relations to chemical differentiation, hydration, oxidation and reduction

Jul 1982

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1982pepi...29...73s&link_type=abstract

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume 29, Issue 1, p. 73-90.

Physics

1

Scientific paper

The thermoelectric power (T.E.P.) or Seebeck effect of minerals is best characterized by the fact that a great many of the Earth's important minerals are semiconducting oxides. Outside the very active research area concerned with oxide semiconductors there have been few determinations of the T.E.P. of minerals, let alone their P, T-dependence. Most minerals have low electrical conductivities and relatively high thermal conductivities, and despite very high Seebeck voltages, are thus generally rather inefficient T.E.P. generators. Measurements of the T.E.P. tie in well with studies of the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, optical absorption, and diffusion. They provide significant information on the charge carrier concentrations, type of conduction mechanism, band structure, and phonon scattering.
Junctions capable of generating T.E.P. include those between materials of different chemical composition, different content and concentration of impurities and defects, different crystal structure or orientation, different states of stress and strain, and reactive junctions or chains of junctions. Considering the local balance of flux of heat and other forms of energy through any of the conduction channels we may visualize as traversing the minerals in the mantle, surely, the conduction channels must involve all of the different types of heterogeneous junctions between minerals. We are, therefore, interested to investigate to what extent, in channels or media subjected to gradients of temperature, electric potential, concentration of chemical constituents and stress or strain, the heat flux density is not identical with the total energy flux density. Measurements of the Seebeck coefficient (S = dE/dT) and preliminary interpretations are discussed with reference to: (1) a simple oxide relative to Pt (corundum); (2) a complex oxide relative to Pt (garnet, almandite); (3) a couple formed of two oxides (corundum-almandite); (4) a couple formed of two minerals with different orientations (quartza-quartzc), and two minerals of different impurity and defect concentrations (quartz-amethyst); and (5) a chain of reactive junctions analogous to oxidation potentials (iron-magnetite, hematite, iron).

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