MODIS Reflective Solar Bands Radiometric Stability Monitoring Using the Moon

Physics

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0480 Remote Sensing

Scientific paper

The MODIS Protoflight Model (PFM) on-board the Terra spacecraft and the MODIS Flight Model 1 (FM1) on- board the Aqua spacecraft were launched on December 18, 1999 and May 4, 2002, respectively. They are scheduled to view the Moon through the space view (SV) port approximately once a month to monitor the long- term radiometric stability of their reflective solar bands (RSB). The lunar irradiance observed by MODIS depends on the viewing geometry, including Sun-Moon distance, Moon-MODIS distance, Sun-Moon-MODIS phase angle, and lunar librations. Algorithms have been developed to select lunar views such that these geometric effects are minimized. In each MODIS lunar observation, the Moon can be viewed in multiple scans. The lunar irradiance of a MODIS RSB can be derived either from the responses of all detectors of a spectral band in one scan which fully covers the Moon or from that of one detector in all scans. Based on lunar observations, a set of coefficients is defined and derived to trend degradation of the MODIS system response at the Angle of Incidence (AOI) of its space view port. It is shownthat degradation is both wavelength and mirror side dependent. For Terra MODISband 8 (412nm), the gain degrades 36% and 33% for mirror side one and two, respectively, after six years on-orbit. A comparison between the lunar coefficientsand those derived from the Solar Diffuser (SD) calibrations shows that lunar observation provides a reliable means to monitor the radiometric stability of the MODIS RSB (with an estimated uncertainty) and reveals that the RSB degrade differently at different AOI.

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