The Ionosphere of Io and the Plasma Environments of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

Details The Ionosphere of Io and the Plasma Environments of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto The Ionosphere of Io and the Plasma Environments of Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

Dec 1998

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1998dps....30.5509k&link_type=abstract

American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #30, #55.P09; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 30, p.1448

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Scientific paper

The Galileo spacecraft has provided multiple opportunities for radio occultation investigations of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. There have been 12 measurements of the ionosphere of Io. They present an ionosphere controlled by its interaction with the magnetosphere of Jupiter, with a maximum electron density of 20,000 to 60,000 el./cc on the "upstream" side, with little or no ionization above 200 km, and a maximum density of 60,000 to 100,000 el./cc on the "downstream" side , with ionization extending to at least 3,000 km. On Europa, evidence was found of a much more tenuous ionosphere, with a peak density of 5,000 to 14,000 el/cc and a greater vertical extent in the downstream direction. On Ganymede, six radio occultation measurements provided inconclusive results in four instances, with only two upstream measurements suggesting an ionosphere with a maximum density of about 5,000 el./cc near the surface. This could be due to its own magnetosphere, which may be shielding its surface from Jupiter's magnetospheric plasma. The single occultation by Callisto provided only two profiles , remarkably similar to each other, with 2,000 el./cc maximum density.

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