X-ray astronomy - The view from orbit

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Spaceborne Astronomy, X Ray Astronomy, Exosat Satellite, Heao 1, Heao 2, Histories, Japanese Spacecraft, Proportional Counters, Rosat Mission, Scintillation Counters, Space Commercialization, Spacelab

Scientific paper

The instruments utilized on and data collected during various X-ray observation missions are described. The operation of the proportional counters on the Aerobee rocket, which discoverd the first X-ray star, and the major advances provided to X-ray astronomy by the Explorer 42 satellite, which carried two proportional counters sensitive to X-rays with energies of 2-20 keV, are reviewed. Consideration is given to the High Energy Astrophysical Obseratory-1 (HEAO), which contained proportional counters sensitive to X-rays ranging from 0.15-60 keV and a scintillation counter operating at 10-10,000 keV, and the HEAO-2, which utilized a telescope to focus X-rays onto a small detector, a high resolution imager, and an imaging proportional counter. The objectives and instruments of the Japanese Tenma and Astro-C satellite missions, the Exosat mission, and Spacelab studies are examined. The proposed design and launching of the German X-ray satellite (Rosat) and the U.S. Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility are discussed.

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