Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2009-07-22
Prog.Theor.Phys.122:255-271,2009
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
A few typos are corrected
Scientific paper
10.1143/PTP.122.255
In 1970, Kobayashi and Maskawa concluded that an effective six-quark vertex with a determinantal form is necessary in the chiral effective models to account for the large mass of $X$ meson, which is now called the $\eta'$. The determinantal interaction has an $SU(3)_L \otimes SU(3)_R$ symmetry but not $U(3)_L \otimes U(3)_R$, and, hence accounts for the explicit breaking of $U(1)_A$ symmetry in quantum chromodynamics (QCD); the vertex was later derived by 't Hooft as an instanton-induced quark interaction. The vertex, which may be called the Kobayashi-Maskawa-'t Hooft (KMT) term, is widely used in quantitative analyses of hadron physics and QCD phase transitions at finite temperature and density. An account is made for the KMT term with recent extensive applications. Described are also personal experiences with Professor Maskawa and Professor Kobayashi,including an encounter with Professor Maskawa when the author first presented his work on the KMT term.
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