When holography meets coherent diffraction imaging

Details When holography meets coherent diffraction imaging When holography meets coherent diffraction imaging

2011-06-07

arxiv.org/abs/1106.1320v2

Physics

Optics

39 pages, 7 figures

Scientific paper

Phase problem exists in crystallographic, astronomical and optical imaging where only the intensity of the scattered signal is detected and the phase information is lost and must somehow be recovered to reconstruct the object's structure. There are two well-known solutions to the phase problem: holography and coherent diffraction imaging (CDI). Both techniques have their pros and cons. In holography, the reconstruction of the scattered complex-valued object wave is directly provided by a well-defined reference wave that must cover the entire detector area which often is an experimental challenge. CDI provides highest possible, only wavelength limited, resolution, but the phase recovery is an iterative process which requires some pre-defined information about the object and whose outcome is not always uniquely-defined. Moreover, the diffraction patterns must be recorded under oversampling conditions even to be able to solve the phase problem. We report here how holography and CDI can be merged into one superior technique: holographic coherent diffraction imaging (HCDI). An inline hologram can be recorded by employing a modified CDI experimental scheme. It is demonstrated that the amplitude of the Fourier transform of the inline hologram is relevant to the complex-valued visibility, thus providing information on both, amplitude and the phase in the diffraction pattern plane. With the phase information available, the condition of oversampling of diffraction patterns becomes obsolete, and the phase problem can be solved fast and unambiguous. We demonstrate reconstruction of objects recorded with optical wave and low-energy electrons with our new method. The proposed here method can be realized with any other type of radiation, such as high-energy electrons or X-rays.

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