Variations in the Arctic's multiyear sea ice cover: A neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I data, 1979-2004

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Hydrology: Remote Sensing (1640), Hydrology: Snow And Ice (0736, 0738, 0776, 1827), Atmospheric Processes: Polar Meteorology, Oceanography: Physical: Ice Mechanics And Air/Sea/Ice Exchange Processes (0700, 0750, 0752, 0754), Geographic Location: Arctic Region (0718, 4207)

Scientific paper

A 26-year (1979-2004) observational record of January multiyear sea ice distributions, derived from neural network analysis of SMMR-SSM/I passive microwave satellite data, reveals dense and persistent cover in the central Arctic basin surrounded by expansive regions of highly fluctuating interannual cover. Following a decade of quasi equilibrium, precipitous declines in multiyear ice area commenced in 1989 when the Arctic Oscillation shifted to a pronounced positive phase. Although extensive survival of first-year ice during autumn 1996 fully replenished the area of multiyear ice, a subsequent and accelerated decline returned the depletion to record lows. The most dramatic multiyear sea ice declines occurred in the East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas.

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