Variability in Quasar Broad Absorption Line Outflows

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Scientific paper

Broad absorption lines (BALs) in quasar spectra identify high velocity outflows that likely exist in all quasars and could play a major role in feedback to galaxy evolution. Studying the variability in these BALs can help us understand the structure, evolution, and basic physical properties of these outflows. We are conducting an ongoing BAL monitoring program that has produced over 160 spectra of 24 luminous quasars at z of 1.2-2.9, covering time-scales from 7 days to 7.7 years in the quasar rest-frame. We first investigate changes in the CIV 1550A BALs, and we see a variety of phenomena, including some absorption that either appeared or disappeared completely and other BALs that did not change at all over the whole observation period. The incidence of variability declines from 65% to 39% between the time domains of several years and a few months, and typically, only portions of the BAL troughs vary. We also compare the variability in the CIV 1550A BAL to the SiIV 1400A BAL to help distinguish between moving clouds and ionization changes as the cause of the variability. Using the multiple epochs of data from our program, we can characterize the variability over time in individual objects. Our most recent data covers the poorly sampled time domain of <1 month in the quasar rest-frame, which we can use to put constraints on the location of the outflowing gas.

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