Use of scintillation theory to explain frequency-spread on F-region ionograms

Details Use of scintillation theory to explain frequency-spread on F-region ionograms Use of scintillation theory to explain frequency-spread on F-region ionograms

Apr 1986

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1986jatp...48..327b&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169), vol. 48, April 1986, p. 327-331, 333-354. Research supported by

Physics

20

F Region, Ionograms, Scintillation, Spread F, Backscattering, Glint, High Frequencies, Irregularities, Radio Scattering

Scientific paper

Frequency-spread on F-region ionograms is explained using large-scale irregularities of ionization density in the F-region of the ionosphere. Irregularities of scale in excess of the Fresnel scale cause refractive scattering of a vertically incident wave on its upward journey through the F-region and on its return journey. In addition, these irregularities cause the critical surface separating underdense ionization from overdense ionization to be rough. Irregularity scales from the Fresnel scale up to the outer scale cause reflection from this surface to take the form of glints, though, alone, this mechanism does not account for more extensive forms of spread-F. In these circumstances, refractive scattering of a wave on its upward journey into the F-region ceases to be small-angle scattering before the reflecting stratum is reached. Return of energy to the ionosonde becomes possible by multiple refractive scattering alone. This is diffuse scattering by irregularities of ionization density with scales ranging from the Fresnel scale up to the outer scale. It is concluded that the mathematical theory of scintillation insufficiently covers the development of large-angle multiple refractive scattering.

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