Nonlinear Sciences – Chaotic Dynamics
Scientific paper
2011-07-20
Nonlinear Sciences
Chaotic Dynamics
8 pages, 5 Figures
Scientific paper
Lyapunov exponents are indicators for the chaotic properties of a classical dynamical system. They are most naturally defined in terms of the time evolution of a set of so-called covariant vectors, co-moving with the linearized flow in tangent space. Taking a simple spring pendulum and the Henon-Heiles system as examples, we demonstrate numerically that the set of covariant vectors is unique in the following sense: once obtained for a particular frame of reference, it may be easily converted to another representation.
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