Ulysses KET measurements of galactic cosmic ray protons and electrons during an unusual solar minimum

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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[7514] Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy / Energetic Particles, [7536] Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy / Solar Activity Cycle

Scientific paper

Ulysses launched on October 6, 1990 was turned off after 18 years of successful exploration of the 3 dimensional heliosphere on May, 30, 2009. On board the spacecraft the Kiel Electron Telescope determines the intensities of galactic cosmic ray electrons, protons, and alphas in the energy range from a few MeV/nucleon to a few GeV/nucleon. Measuring protons and electrons at the same time allows to separate charge sign dependent effects, namely drifts, from ''universal'' processes. Although the interplanetary magnetic field strength is the lowest observed since the 1960's, the current intensities of positively charged galactic cosmic rays (protons) is much smaller than expected. In contrast to the low heliospheric magnetic field strength, the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet was most times above 20 degrees during the current solar minimum. Together with the Ulysses observation that the galactic cosmic ray electron flux exceeds the one of the protons by more than 30% in 2008 and 2009, we conclude that charge sign dependent effects (drifts) are of major importance for calculating galactic cosmic ray intensities.

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