Topside sounder observations of the equatorial anomaly in the 75° W longitude zone

Details Topside sounder observations of the equatorial anomaly in the 75° W longitude zone Topside sounder observations of the equatorial anomaly in the 75° W longitude zone

May 1964

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1964jatp...26..569l&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 569-570, IN5, 571-580

Physics

13

Scientific paper

The study of the equatorial ionosphere, by means of topside sounder ionograms. provides new insight to the structure of the equatorial anomaly. During a particular stage in the development of the anomaly, a ledge of ionization exists above the peak of the F-layer. The ledge is located along the earth's magnetic field lines between the regions of high electron density on both sides of the magnetic equator known as the equatorial anomaly. In this paper the development and decay of the anomaly is depicted by contours of constant plasma frequency in north-south vertical cross-sections of the equatorial ionosphere observed at different times of day. After sunrise the contours above the peak of the F-layer develop a dome-like shape, with the apex of the dome centered on the magnetic equator. The dome-like shape becomes more pronounced and the height of each plasma frequency contour increases until mid-afternoon. During the afternoon the ledge develops, located progressively along higher field lines. The contours for the region above the ledge retain the dome-like shape, whereas the contours below the ledge tend to be flat or to decrease in height near the magnetic equator. The regions of anomalously high electron density on both sides of the magnetic equator occur where the ledge merges with the peak of the F-layer. The ledge and the anomaly are observed until about local midnight. The presence of the dome-like contours is interpreted as evidence that ionization is lifted over the equator early in the day. The ledge is interpreted as the upper boundary of ionization which has been redistributed along the field. The movement of ionization along the field and away from the equator creates the regions of high electron density on either side of the equator. An examination of the planetary magnetic indices (Kp) suggests that the observed variations in diurnal behaviour of the equatorial ionosphere are associated with variations in magnetic activity.

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