Three-dimensional modeling of subionospheric VLF propagation in the presence of localized D region perturbations associated with lightning

Physics

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D Region, Ionospheric Disturbances, Lightning, Very Low Frequencies, Wave Propagation, Electron Precipitation, Great Circles, Nocturnal Variations, Refractivity, Three Dimensional Models

Scientific paper

This paper presents a theoretical model of single-mode subionospheric VLF wave propagation in the presence of localized D-region perturbations associated with lightning. The model is restricted to single mode propagation. Using the first-order scattering theory to determine the expected field under the influence of ionospheric perturbations, numerical analyses were performed of cases where single-mode analysis may be applicable. One such case is the problem of 10-25 kHz wave propagation over a long all-sea-based path from the source to the receiver. Theoretical results were compared with measurements of 'Trimpi' events observed at Palmer Station, Antarctica on the 23.4 kHz signal from the NPM transmitter in Hawaii.

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