Three-dimensional ionospheric currents and fields generated by the atmospheric global circuit current

Physics

Scientific paper

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Air Currents, Air Land Interactions, Atmospheric Electricity, Ionospheric Currents, Three Dimensional Flow, Atmospheric Circulation, Current Density, Current Distribution, Ionospheric Conductivity

Scientific paper

Three-dimensional ionospheric currents and fields generated by atmospheric global circuit currents, using the distribution of air-earth currents as a lower boundary condition of the ionosphere, have been studied. The air-earth currents are obtained taking geomagnetic and orographic effects into account, under the assumption of an ionosphere with infinite conductivity. Three dimensional ionospheric currents due to thunderstorm sources are calculated, considering the conductivity distribution in the ionosphere and the configuration of the magnetic field. The calculated potential difference in the ionosphere is 55 V and according to the model the horizontal electric field is too weak to affect the ionosphere and magnetosphere significantly. Horizontal currents are not distributed uniformly, but preferably in the day-side hemisphere and especially in the equatorial region, and vertical currents and fields do not simply decrease with altitude near the equator because of anisotropy and nonuniformity in the conductivity.

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