Thermospheric changes shortly after the onset of daytime Joule heating

Physics

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Ionospheric Disturbances, Ionospheric Heating, Magnetic Storms, Resistance Heating, Thermosphere, Annual Variations, Atmospheric Models, Ionospheric Conductivity, Ohmic Dissipation, One Dimensional Flow, Plasma Dynamics, Polar Substorms, Wind Profiles

Scientific paper

In the first few tens of minutes after the onset of widespread Joule heating, the motion of the ionospheric atmosphere can be approximated by the one-dimensional motion of a gas in a gravity field - a problem that is easily solved because the motion takes place at constant pressure. The solution provides an estimate of time for which the model is applicable to the physical situation. Seasonal variations of the early effects are examined by using ion profiles appropriate to each season. The results show that the atmosphere above 100 km is strongly modified within a few tens of minutes after the onset of widespread heating: the density can double, the temperature can increase several hundred degrees, and the molecular nitrogen concentration can quadruple. Vertical winds exceeding 100 m/sec at 400 km altitude are possible for a brief period after the onset of electric fields of 100 mV/m - rare but observed events.

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